Ekologi Rehabilitasi Areal Sawit Tidak Produktif: Systematic Literature Review untuk Kebijakan Keberlanjutan
Keywords:
rehabilitasi ekologi, kelapa sawit, lahan tidak produktif, keberlanjutan, systematic literature review, ecological rehabilitation, oil palm, unproductive land, sustainability, systematic literature reviewAbstract
Unproductive oil palm plantation areas represent a major challenge in land resource management in Indonesia. Declining oil palm productivity may result from soil degradation, aging plantations, improper management practices, and environmental pressures such as erosion and biodiversity loss. These conditions not only cause economic losses but also exacerbate ecosystem degradation and environmental risks. Therefore, ecologically based rehabilitation approaches are essential to support the sustainability of the oil palm sector. This study aims to systematically review scientific literature related to the concepts, strategies, and ecological impacts of rehabilitating unproductive oil palm areas and their implications for sustainability policies. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was employed by collecting articles from scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar published within a defined period. The findings indicate that ecological rehabilitation of unproductive oil palm lands can be implemented through various approaches, including agroforestry systems, revegetation using native species, soil restoration, and the integration of biodiversity conservation practices. These approaches have been shown to improve soil quality, restore ecosystem functions, and generate socio-economic benefits for surrounding communities. This study concludes that ecological rehabilitation is a key strategy for supporting sustainable oil palm plantation policies and should be strengthened through comprehensive regulations and multi-stakeholder collaboration.
Keyword: ecological rehabilitation, oil palm, unproductive land, sustainability, systematic literature review
ABSTRAK
Areal perkebunan kelapa sawit tidak produktif merupakan salah satu tantangan besar dalam pengelolaan sumber daya lahan di Indonesia. Penurunan produktivitas sawit dapat disebabkan oleh degradasi tanah, umur tanaman yang telah melewati masa produktif, kesalahan pengelolaan, serta tekanan lingkungan seperti erosi dan kehilangan keanekaragaman hayati. Kondisi ini tidak hanya berdampak pada kerugian ekonomi, tetapi juga memperburuk kualitas ekosistem dan meningkatkan risiko kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan rehabilitasi berbasis ekologi menjadi penting untuk mendukung keberlanjutan sektor perkebunan sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis literatur ilmiah terkait konsep, strategi, dan dampak ekologi rehabilitasi areal sawit tidak produktif serta implikasinya terhadap kebijakan keberlanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengumpulkan artikel dari basis data ilmiah seperti Scopus, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar yang diterbitkan dalam rentang waktu tertentu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rehabilitasi ekologis pada lahan sawit tidak produktif dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai pendekatan, antara lain agroforestri, revegetasi dengan spesies lokal, restorasi tanah, serta integrasi praktik konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. Pendekatan tersebut terbukti mampu meningkatkan kualitas tanah, memperbaiki fungsi ekosistem, serta memberikan manfaat sosial-ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa rehabilitasi ekologi merupakan strategi kunci dalam mendukung kebijakan keberlanjutan perkebunan sawit di Indonesia, sehingga perlu didukung oleh regulasi yang komprehensif dan kolaborasi multi-pemangku kepentingan.
Kata kunci: rehabilitasi ekologi, kelapa sawit, lahan tidak produktif, keberlanjutan, systematic literature review
References
[1] R. Carlson, L. Curran, G. Asner, A. Pittman, B. Trigg, and J. Adeney, “Oil palm sustainability: Challenges and opportunities,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1–12, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org. [Accessed: Jan. 10, 2025].
[2] D. Gaveau, S. Sloan, E. Molidena, H. Yaen, D. Sheil, N. Abram, and E. Meijaard, “Forest degradation and oil palm expansion in Indonesian Borneo,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1–15, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org. [Accessed: Jan. 12, 2025].
[3] L. P. Koh and D. S. Wilcove, “Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity?,” Conservation Letters, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 60–64, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com. [Accessed: Jan. 14, 2025].
[4] J. Sayer, T. Sunderland, J. Ghazoul, J. Pfund, D. Sheil, E. Meijaard, and M. Buck, “Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 110, no. 21, pp. 8349–8356, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.pnas.org. [Accessed: Jan. 15, 2025].
[5] B. Wicke, R. Sikkema, V. Dornburg, and A. Faaij, “Exploring land use changes and the role of palm oil production in Indonesia and Malaysia,” Land Use Policy, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 193–206, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com. [Accessed: Jan. 16, 2025].
[6] D. Lamb, P. Erskine, and J. Fletcher, “Widening gap between expectations and practice in tropical forest restoration,” Restoration Ecology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 141–149, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com. [Accessed: Jan. 17, 2025].
[7] K. Austin, A. Schwantes, Y. Gu, and P. Kasibhatla, “What causes deforestation in Indonesia?,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–15, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org. [Accessed: Jan. 18, 2025].
[8] Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), “Principles and Criteria for the Production of Sustainable Palm Oil,” RSPO Secretariat, Kuala Lumpur, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://rspo.org. [Accessed: Jan. 20, 2025].
[9] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Sustainable land management in plantation areas,” FAO, Rome, FAO Forestry Paper, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.fao.org. [Accessed: Jan. 22, 2025].
[10] K. Obidzinski, R. Andriani, H. Komarudin, and A. Andrianto, “Environmental and social impacts of oil palm plantations and their implications for biofuel production in Indonesia,” Ecology and Society, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecologyandsociety.org. [Accessed: Jan. 23, 2025].
[11] J. Fairhurst and R. Mutert, “Rehabilitation of degraded oil palm soils,” Better Crops International, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 12–15, 1999. [Online]. Available: https://www.ipni.net. [Accessed: Jan. 24, 2025].
[12] T. Guillaume, M. Kotowska, B. Hertel, and E. Kuzyakov, “Carbon costs and benefits of Indonesian rainforest conversion to plantations,” Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 2388, pp. 1–11, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com. [Accessed: Jan. 25, 2025].
[13] J. Clough, D. Putra, and T. Tscharntke, “Local and landscape factors determine functional bird diversity in oil palm agroforestry systems,” Biological Conservation, vol. 169, pp. 119–127, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com. [Accessed: Jan. 26, 2025].
[14] R. R. Kumar and S. K. Singh, “Soil rehabilitation strategies for degraded tropical lands,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 231, pp. 102–110, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com. [Accessed: Jan. 27, 2025].
[15] S. Gibbs, D. Rausch, J. Munger, I. Schelly, M. Morton, and P. Noojipady, “Brazil’s Soy Moratorium,” Science, vol. 347, no. 6220, pp. 377–378, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.science.org. [Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025].
[16] J. Busch and F. Ferretti-Gallon, “What drives deforestation and what stops it?,” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 3–23, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://academic.oup.com. [Accessed: Jan. 29, 2025].
[17] E. Meijaard, D. Sheil, R. Nasi, and S. Stanley, “The moral minefield of oil palm and sustainable development,” BioScience, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 448–458, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://academic.oup.com. [Accessed: Jan. 30, 2025].
[18] M. Kotowska, D. Leuschner, T. Triadiati, and S. Hertel, “Quantifying above- and belowground biomass carbon loss with forest conversion in Sumatra,” Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 3620–3634, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com. [Accessed: Jan. 31, 2025].
[19] P. Pacheco, M. Gnych, R. Dermawan, A. Komarudin, and B. Okarda, “The palm oil global value chain,” CIFOR, Bogor, Working Paper No. 220, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.cifor.org. [Accessed: Feb. 1, 2025].
[20] J. Pretty, Z. Bharucha, L. Benton, and R. Moran, “Integrated pest management and agricultural sustainability,” Nature Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 1–8, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com. [Accessed: Feb. 2, 2025].
[21] Juanda, A. A., & Ginting, Y. S. (2019). Efektivitas bio herbisida pulp kakao (Theobroma cacao L) dengan beberapa tingkat kematangan fermentasi terhadap pengendalian gulma di perkebunan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis). BEST Journal, 2(1), 1–8.
[22] Manurung, S., Djaingsastro, A. J., & Tarigan, R. (2024). Evaluasi tandan buah segar kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) pada tanaman perlakuan infus akar berbahan aktif assefat. Jurnal Agro Estate, 8(1), 1–12.
[23] Gunawan, H., Yosephine, I. O., Juanda, A., & Oloando, O. (2022). Efektivitas aplikasi mikoriza pada beberapa taraf pupuk P terhadap pertumbuhan Mucuna bracteata. Jurnal Agrium, 19(2), 95–99.
[24] Djs, A. J., Febrianto, E. B., & Sinambela, B. M. T. (2020). Analisa jumlah klorofil daun terhadap produksi buah kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada dataran tinggi di Kebun Bah Birung Ulu PTPN IV Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Agro Estate, 4(1), 51–58.
[25] Yosephine, I. O., Ferreira, N., & Saragih, D. A. (2019). Pengaruh aplikasi pupuk rock phosphate dan mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar hara P bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Jurnal Agro Estate, 3(2), 90–96.
Downloads
-
PDF FULL TEXT
Abstract Dilihat : 15 Kali ,
Download: 14 Kali
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Putra Padua Purba, Aulia Juanda Djaingsastro

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.