Legitimasi Transnasional Tahta Suci: Analisis Komunikasi Moral di Era Multipolar

Abstract

The global governance crisis in the fragmented multipolar era has paralyzed secular multilateral institutions, amplifying the need for transnational moral authority. This study analyzes the influence of the Papal moral communication on shaping the Holy See's global legitimacy as a transnational governance actor. Grounded in global governance, public diplomacy, and constructivist communicative action theories, this research employs a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were gathered through an exploratory perception survey of 40 expert respondents selected via purposive sampling, subsequently analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that the Papal moral communication variables exert a positive and significant effect on global legitimacy, yielding a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.785. All hypotheses were accepted; communicator credibility, message universality, and responsiveness to macro-issues simultaneously determine global trust and normative authority. Qualitative discussion confirms the Holy See’s role as a norm entrepreneur capable of converting soft power into voluntary compliance across geopolitical blocs. This study enriches governance literature on value-based governance, demonstrating that contemporary transnational legitimacy can be reproduced through universal strategic communication management, transcending the traditional material capabilities of nation-states.

Keywords: Global Governance, Moral Communication, Holy See, Public Diplomacy, Legitimacy.

Krisis tata kelola global di era multipolar memicu kelumpuhan institusi multilateral sekuler, sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan akan otoritas moral transnasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh komunikasi moral Kepausan terhadap pembentukan legitimasi global Tahta Suci sebagai aktor tata kelola transnasional. Berlandaskan teori global governance, public diplomacy, dan tindakan komunikatif konstruktivis, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method desain sekuensial eksplanatori. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui exploratory perception survey terhadap 40 responden ahli menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, yang kemudian diuji dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel komunikasi moral Kepausan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap legitimasi global dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,785. Seluruh hipotesis diterima; kredibilitas komunikator, universalitas pesan sekuler-kemanusiaan, dan responsivitas terhadap isu makro secara simultan menentukan global trust dan otoritas normatif. Diskusi kualitatif mengonfirmasi peran Tahta Suci sebagai norm entrepreneur yang mengonversi soft power menjadi kepatuhan sukarela (voluntary compliance) lintas blok geopolitik. Implikasi studi ini memperkaya literatur ilmu pemerintahan mengenai value-based governance, membuktikan bahwa legitimasi transnasional kontemporer dapat direproduksi melalui manajemen komunikasi strategis universal melampaui dominasi kekuatan material negara.

Keywords: Tata Kelola Global, Komunikasi Moral, Tahta Suci, Diplomasi Publik, Legitimasi.