Problematika Pendidikan Luar Sekolah: Kurangnya Peran Keluarga dan Dampak Lingkungan Masyarakat terhadap Perkembangan Anak

Abstract

Non-formal education, particularly within the family and community, plays a fundamental role in supporting children's holistic development. However, various contemporary challenges have weakened the educational function of these two environments. This article aims to analyze two major issues in non-formal education: the declining role of families in children's education and the negative influence of community environments on children's development. The study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by examining relevant books, scientific journal articles, and policy documents related to family and community education. The findings indicate that limited parental involvement due to economic demands, low parenting literacy, and excessive dependence on formal schools has reduced the effectiveness of family-based education. Furthermore, unfavorable community environments, including negative peer influence, uncontrolled digital media exposure, and weakening social values, contribute to behavioral problems, moral decline, and reduced social competence among children. These issues demonstrate that children's development cannot rely solely on formal education but requires strong collaboration among families, communities, schools, and government institutions. Strengthening parenting education programs, promoting community participation, and improving digital literacy are essential strategies to optimize non-formal education and foster children's character, social, and emotional development in the contemporary era.

Keywords: non-formal education, family role, community environment, child development, parenting, character education.