Analisis Keberlanjutan Usaha Budidaya Ikan Lele di Kecamatan Kedu Kabupaten Temanggung : Strategi Restorasi Berbasis Multidimensi

Mina Rifqi

Authors

Mina Rifqi Universitas Terbuka

Keywords:

catfish, aquaculture, management, sustainability, Rapython MDS, Kedu District

Abstract

Kedu District, Temanggung Regency, has strong potential for aquaculture, with 204.38 hectares of fish ponds, most of which are used for catfish farming. However, catfish production declined from 5,281 tons in 2021 to 2,544 tons in 2024, indicating unsustainable business conditions and reduced farmer income. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of catfish farming, assess its multidimensional sustainability status, determine sensitive leverage factors, and formulate restorative policies for sustainable development. The research was conducted from January to February 2026 using a quantitative descriptive approach through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, literature review, and field observations. Respondents consisted of 42 catfish farmers from Kedu, Candimulyo, and Bojonegoro Villages selected by simple random sampling, as well as six experts and community leaders selected purposively. Ecological conditions were evaluated using water availability carrying capacity analysis and the Water Quality Index (WQI), while sustainability status was analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) through the Rapython technique. The results identified sustainability index values for the three villages and revealed several leverage attributes that strongly influenced farming performance. Based on these findings, three restorative strategies were proposed: improving genetic quality through standardized broodstock procurement from the Fish Seed Center (BBI) in Mungseng with a three-month gonad maturation period; increasing economic efficiency through independent feed formulation using local raw materials; and strengthening fish farmer groups (pokdakan) through intensive fisheries extension support. The integration of these strategies is expected to restore ecological carrying capacity, improve institutional effectiveness, reduce production costs, and support the recovery of farmer profitability in Kedu District.

catfish, aquaculture, management, sustainability, Rapython MDS, Kedu District

References

Cochran, W. G. (2010). Teknik Penarikan Sampel (Edisi Ke-3). UI Press.

Dahlan, H., Abubakar, H., & Rahman, M. H. (2020). Catfish farming in Indonesia: Status, challenges and future prospects. Aquaculture International, 28(4), 1619–1645.

Dinas Ketahanan Pangan, Pertanian dan Perikanan Kabupaten Temanggung. (2024). Laporan Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Kabupaten Temanggung Tahun 2024. Pemerintah Kabupaten Temanggung. https://dkppp.temanggungkab.go.id/

Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya. (2020). Rencana Strategis Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya Tahun 2020–2024. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan.

FAO. (2023). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2023: Towards Blue Transformation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/cc0461en/cc0461en.pdf

Fauzi, A., & Anna, S. (2005). Pemodelan keberlanjutan perikanan dengan pendekatan Rapfish: Aplikasi multidimensional scaling (MDS). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 1(1), 1–20.

Firdaus, M., Putri, H., & Hafsaridewi, R. (2017). Usaha budidaya ikan lele (Clarias sp) pada kawasan minapolitan “Kampung Lele” Kabupaten Boyolali. Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 3(2), 79–89.

Firdausya, R., & Fauziyah, E. (2021). Dampak program Gerakan Pakan Mandiri terhadap pendapatan dan risiko bisnis usaha budidaya lele. Agriscience, 2(1), 45–56.

Jeppesen, E., Liu, Z., Jørgensen, S. E., & Liu, Q. (2020). Eutrophication control in Asian freshwaters: Lessons from Chinese reservoirs and lakes. Hydrobiologia, 847(1), 11–30.

Kannel, P. R., Lee, S., Lee, Y. S., Kanel, S. R., & Khan, S. P. (2007). Application of water quality indices and dissolved oxygen as indicators for river water classification and urban impact assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 132(1–3), 93–110.

Kavanagh, P., & Pitcher, T. J. (2004). Implementing Microsoft Excel software for Rapfish: A technique for the rapid appraisal of fisheries status. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 12(2), 1–75.

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2024). Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya Tahun 2024. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2009). Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 17 Tahun 2009 tentang Pedoman Penentuan Daya Dukung Lingkungan Hidup dalam Penataan Ruang Wilayah. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia.

Kurniawan, A., et al. (2025). Manajemen mutu air dan pencegahan penyakit Aeromonas hydrophila pada akuakultur air tawar. Jurnal Perikanan Budidaya, 19(1), 12–25.

Little, D. C., Murray, F. J., Leschen, W., & Waley, D. (2013). Socio-economic factors affecting aquaculture site selection and carrying capacity. Dalam FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings (No. 21, hlm. 103–115). FAO.

Marzuki, M. (2014). Desain Pengelolaan Budidaya Laut Berkelanjutan di Teluk Saleh Kabupaten Sumbawa [Disertasi Doktoral, Institut Pertanian Bogor].

Marzuki, M., Nurjaya, I. W., Purbayanto, A., Budiharso, S., & Supriyono, E. (2013). Tinjauan dimensi ekonomi keberlanjutan pengelolaan budidaya laut di Teluk Saleh Kabupaten Sumbawa. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 8(2), 135–147.

Mulyawan, I., Zamroni, A., & Priyatna, F. N. (2016). Kajian keberlanjutan pengelolaan budidaya ikan bandeng di Gresik. Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 6(1), 25–35.

Nuryadin, A., Suryadi, D., & Hidayat, R. (2015). Penentuan nilai tengah dalam evaluasi keberlanjutan perikanan budidaya menggunakan pendekatan multidimensional scaling (MDS). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 10(2), 123–134.

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia.

Phillips, M., Henriksson, P. J. G., Tran, N., Chan, C. Y., Mohan, C. V., Rodriguez, U-P., Suri, S., Hall, S., & Koeshendrajana, S. (2016). Menjelajahi Masa Depan Perikanan Budidaya Indonesia. WorldFish.

Pitcher, T. J., & Preikshot, D. (2001). RAPFISH: A rapid appraisal technique to evaluate the sustainability status of fisheries. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 9(3), 1–65.

Portal Data KKP. (2025). Statistik Produksi Perikanan Tangkap dan Budidaya Indonesia 2019–2024. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia. https://kkp.go.id

Prastowo, T. (2010). Daya Dukung Lingkungan Aspek Sumber Daya Air (Working Paper No. 11). Pusat Pengkajian Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Wilayah (P4W) IPB.

Pratama, A., et al. (2023). Integrasi lima pilar keberlanjutan pada akuakultur air tawar dataran tinggi. Jurnal Manajemen Perikanan, 15(2), 45–58.

Putra, R., & Wijaya, A. (2025). Skenario intervensi atribut sensitif dalam restorasi kawasan perikanan budidaya. Jurnal Kebijakan Akuakultur, 8(1), 33–42.

Sitorus, S. W., Anggoro, S., & Yulianto, B. (2013). Indeks keberlanjutan ekologi budidaya udang vanamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Kecamatan Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan 2013, 384–389.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Suryani, E., et al. (2024). Evaluasi parameter fisika-kimia air kolam dan dampaknya terhadap produktivitas lele. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 19(2), 88–99.

Su’udi, A., & Walthon, A. (2018). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usaha budidaya ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 13(2), 101–112.

Utami, R., et al. (2025). Uji keandalan dan validitas simulasi Monte Carlo pada ordinasi MDS Rapfish. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Indonesia, 27(3), 101–112.

Wibowo, A. B., Anggoro, S., & Yulianto, B. (2015). Status keberlanjutan dimensi ekologi dalam pengembangan kawasan minapolitan berkelanjutan berbasis perikanan budidaya air tawar di Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Saintek Perikanan, 10(2), 107–113.

Wibowo, A., & Setiawan, B. (2021). Analisis kelayakan finansial dan efisiensi rantai pasok usaha budidaya air tawar. Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 14(1), 55–64.